Fluorescent Protein Resource Center

Properties of Common Fluorescent Proteins

Protein Name Excitation, nm Emission, nm Brightness relative to EGFP Oligomeric State Reference or Source FP information (pdf)

Blue Fluorescent Proteins

 
EBFP2  383  448  0.56  monomer*  Ai et al. Biochem. 2007, 46:5904-5910   
mTagBFP2  402  457  .99  monomer*  www.addgene.org   

Cyan Fluorescent Proteins

 
mTurquoise2  434  474  0.83  monomer  Goedhart et al. Nat. Comm. 2012, 3:751   
Cerulean3  433  475  1.03  monomer  Markwardt PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e17896   
mCFP  439  476  0.39  monomer  www.addgene.org   
Midoriishi Cyan  472  495  0.73  dimer  www.mblintl.com   

Green Fluorescent Proteins

 
TurboGFP  482  502  1.10  monomer  www.evrogen.com   
Azami Green  492  505  1.21  monomer  www.mblintl.com   
ZsGreen  493  505  1.17  monomer  www.clontech.com   
TagGFP2  482  506  1.05  tetramer  www.evrogen.com   
Emerald  487  509  1.16  monomer*  Cubitt et al., Methods Cell. Biol., 1999, 58, 19   
superfolder GFP  485  510  1.61  monomer  Pedelacq et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2006, 24:79-88   
Clover  505  515  2.51  monomer  Lam et al. Nat. Methods 2012, 9:1005-1012   
mNeonGreen  506  517  2.76  monomer  Shaner et al. Nat. Methods 2013, 10:407-409   

Yellow Fluorescent Proteins

 
mYFP  514  527  1.51  monomer  www.addgene.com   
mVenus  515  528  1.74  monomer*  Nagai et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2002, 20, 87   
mCitrine  516  529  1.74  monomer  Griesbeck et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 29188   
TurboYFP  525  538  1.65  monomer  www.evrogen.com   
mPapaya1  530  541  2.38  monomer  Hoi et al. Chem. and Biol. 2013, 20: 1296-1304.   

Orange Fluorescent Proteins

 
Kusabira Orange 2 (mK02)  551  565  1.16  monomer  www.mblintl.com   
mOrange 2  549  565  1.03  monomer  Shaner et al., Nat. Methods, 2008, 5:545-551   
TagRFP  555  584  1.18  dimer  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524   
TagRFP-T  555  584  .97  dimer  Shaner et al., Nat. Methods, 2008, 5:545-551   

Red Fluorescent Proteins

 
TurboRFP  553  574  1.24  dimer  www.evrogen.com   
tdTomato  554  581  1.42  tandem dimer  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524   
mStrawberry  574  596  .78  monomer**  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524   
mRuby2  559  600  1.26  monomer**  Lam et al. Nat. Methods 2012, 9:1005-1012   
FusionRed  580  608  0.53  monomer  Shemiakina et al. Nat. Comm. 2012, 3:1204   
mCherry  587  610  0.47  monomer**  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524    

Far-Red Fluorescent Proteins

 
mKate2  588  630  0.74  monomer  Shcherbo D. et al. Biochem J. 2009, 418:567-574.   
E2-Crimson  605  646  0.21  tetramer  www.addgene.com   
eqFP650  592  650  0.47  dimer  www.addgene.com   
mNeptune2  599  651  0.61  monomer*  www.addgene.com   
mCardinal  604  659  0.5  monomer*  www.addgene.com   

Large Stokes shift Fluorescent Proteins

 
T-Sapphire  399  511  0.78  monomer  Zapata-Hommer et al., BMC Biotechnol., 2003, 3, 5   
mAmetrine  406  526  0.77  tetramer  www.addgene.com   
LSSmOrange  437  572  0.69  monomer  www.addgene.com   
LSSmKate2  460  605  0.13  monomer*  www.addgene.com   
mKeima  440  620  0.09  monomer*  www.mblintl.com   

Near Infra-Red Fluorescent Proteins

 
iRFP670        dimer  www.addgene.org   
iRFP682        dimer  www.addgene.com   
iRFP702        dimer  www.addgene.com   
iRFP713 (aka iRFP)        dimer*  www.addgene.com   
iRFP720        dimer*  www.mblintl.com   


* This protein still tends to form very weak dimers that should not affect its use for routine tagging. However for some specific applications a single-point mutation may be required to produce a strictly monomeric variant.

** Protein is considered monomeric, but has a tendency to aggregate. Use with caution with oligomeric proteins or some integral membrane proteins. Compare fluorescence pattern with your protein fused to mEGFP.

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